Environment Impact Report
Submitted to the Government of Kerala
by the Peoples’ Environment Fact finding Panel
on the treatment of Njunangar Stream of Pampa River
using contaminated ferrous chloride.
Submitted to the Government of Kerala
by the Peoples’ Environment Fact finding Panel
on the treatment of Njunangar Stream of Pampa River
using contaminated ferrous chloride.
1. A team consisting of environmental and human right activists, scientists and other experts on river system visited Pampa to study the pollution caused to the Njunangar stream of Pampa River by the entry of sewage waste from the septic tanks of the Travancore Devaswom Board and the impact of chemical treatment using contaminated ferrous chloride. Before undertaking such a trip, the samples of the River sediments of the chemical treatment of the previous year was taken from the pits near Njunagar stream on 15th December 2009, and on analyzing, the following heavy metals found in excess of the limits which circumstance compelled the team to take follow up action.
Sl.No. Parameters Unit Method Result
1. Lead as Pb mg/kg USEPA 3050 B 67.35
2. Cadmium as Cd mg/kg USEPA 3050 B 2.10
3. Zinc as Zn mg/kg USEPA 3050 B 97.80
4. Manganese as Mn mg/kg USEPA 3050 B 158.79
5. Iron as Fe mg/kg USEPA 3050 B 32016.98
6. Chromium as Cr mg/kg USEPA 3050 B 85.81
1. Lead as Pb mg/kg USEPA 3050 B 67.35
2. Cadmium as Cd mg/kg USEPA 3050 B 2.10
3. Zinc as Zn mg/kg USEPA 3050 B 97.80
4. Manganese as Mn mg/kg USEPA 3050 B 158.79
5. Iron as Fe mg/kg USEPA 3050 B 32016.98
6. Chromium as Cr mg/kg USEPA 3050 B 85.81
2. The team comprising 1) Dr.N.Chandramohan Kumar, Head, the Department of Chemical Oceanography, Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), 2) Advocate P.K.Ibrahim, High Court of Kerala, Former Chairman of the Local Area Environment Committee-Eloor-Edayar 3) Purushan Eloor, Periyar Malineekarana Virudha Samithi and former member of the Local Area Environment Committee-Eloor-Edayar 4) Jacob V.Lazar, Treasurer, Peoples’ Union for Civil Liberties, 5) Dr.Thomas P.Thomas, Department of Botany, St.Thomas College, Kozhencherry 6) Dr.A.Latha, River Research Centre and 7) V.N.Gopinathan Pillai, Vice President, River Protection Council under the Convenorship of Mr.R.Ajayan, a prominent social and environmental activist reached Pampa at about 11 a.m. on 20-12-2009 and inspected Njunangar Stream, Sewage Treatment Plant at Pampa and collected river water samples and sludge of the previous year for being analyzed.
3. The 176 km long Pampa River, originates from Pulachimalai in the Western Ghats. Pampa is formed by the confluence of the Pampa Aar, Kakki Aar, Azhuthai Aar, Kakkad Aar and Kallar. The river mainly drains through Pathanamthita and Alappuzha districts before joining the Vembanad lake. The Sabarimala shrine is situated in the Pampa Aar catchment and Njunangar is a stream flowing near the Sabarimala shrine and joining Pampa Aar downstream . The stream called Njunangar joins at the point beyond Thriveni bathing ghat., All pilgrims are expected to take bath in the holy river before starting the long climb to the shrine. During the heavy pilgrimage season, the Pampa Aar turns into an open drain of night soil, garbage, sewage and other human waste. Pampa river has been identified as one of the most polluted rivers in Kerala beyond limits. Around 35 local self governments depend on this river for their drinking and irrigation needs.
4. According to people the tanks of the toilets and urinals at the Sabarimala get filled within two weeks in pilgrim seasons and the Njunangar stream virtually turn in to a sewage canal carrying human excreta causing air and water pollution. The scene is horrific. The water flow in the canal is very thin but the sewage discharge is overwhelming. The stream becomes a sewage canal causing serious water and air pollution all around its stretches. The only reason for such a sad state of affair is the absence of a Sewage Treatment Plant at Sabrimala. The septic tanks of the toilets and urinals, constructed in hundreds permanently and thousands for temporary use, become inadequate during season and thereby it overflows to the Njunangar water stream rendering the water body into a sewage canal. This is happening unabatedly over many years and all authorities concerned namely the Travancore Devaswom Board, The Department of Irrigation, Kerala Water Authority, The Health Department, Forest department, The Pollution Control Board and the District Administration unfortunately did nothing to find a permanent solution to this seasonal phenomenon. The authorities have shown interest only in short term measures exploiting the short memory of the people and lack of their collective action. The short term measure over the last two years under the recommendations of the Kerala State Pollution Control Board was to treat the Njunangar stream using contaminate ferrous chloride obtained from Cochin Minerals and Rutiles Ltd. as flocculent for sedimentation purpose.
4. According to people the tanks of the toilets and urinals at the Sabarimala get filled within two weeks in pilgrim seasons and the Njunangar stream virtually turn in to a sewage canal carrying human excreta causing air and water pollution. The scene is horrific. The water flow in the canal is very thin but the sewage discharge is overwhelming. The stream becomes a sewage canal causing serious water and air pollution all around its stretches. The only reason for such a sad state of affair is the absence of a Sewage Treatment Plant at Sabrimala. The septic tanks of the toilets and urinals, constructed in hundreds permanently and thousands for temporary use, become inadequate during season and thereby it overflows to the Njunangar water stream rendering the water body into a sewage canal. This is happening unabatedly over many years and all authorities concerned namely the Travancore Devaswom Board, The Department of Irrigation, Kerala Water Authority, The Health Department, Forest department, The Pollution Control Board and the District Administration unfortunately did nothing to find a permanent solution to this seasonal phenomenon. The authorities have shown interest only in short term measures exploiting the short memory of the people and lack of their collective action. The short term measure over the last two years under the recommendations of the Kerala State Pollution Control Board was to treat the Njunangar stream using contaminate ferrous chloride obtained from Cochin Minerals and Rutiles Ltd. as flocculent for sedimentation purpose.
5. What is shocking is the use of this contaminated ferrous chloride under the recommendation of the Pollution Control Board which has the information about its potential imminent damage to the environment. The concern of the people increased multifold on seeing various reports appeared in the Press and electronic media. It is in this background the panel visited Pampa to place the facts and myth before the public and concerned authorities for a permanent solution to the problem.
6. Contaminated ferrous chloride is a waste effluent of the Cochin Minerals and Rutiles Ltd., Edayar. The raw effluent was being discharged into Periyar River causing massive fish kill. The effluent is bluish, greenish or reddish. The change of colour from blue to green and to red shows different chemical forms of iron which include the oxidation of ferrous to ferric states and various complexes of ferrous and ferric in different pH ranges. The ferrous salts are highly reducing and when discharged into the water, the ferrous iron salts undergo oxidation absorbing dissolved Oxygen from river water and thereby decrease the dissolved Oxygen level in the water. The raw effluent from CMRL contains toxic heavy metals such as Zinc, Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Manganese, Hexavalant Chromium etc, along with a high concentration of ferrous chloride. These heavy metals were found in the samples of the river sediments taken from the outlet of CMRL in Periyar. The Local Area Environment Committee appointed by the Pollution Control Board on the directions of the Supreme Court Monitoring Committee on hazardous waste and management were able to bell the cat and Cochin Minerals and Rutiles Ltd was booked for violating the provisions of the hazardous waste (Management and Handling) Rules 1989 and Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. The Committee recommended for closure of the unit, but it was allowed to function only on the undertaking that the unit shall not discharge the raw effluents to the Periyar.
7. The Cochin Minerals and Rutiles Ltd. was the supplier of this raw effluent namely contaminated ferrous chloride to the Cochin Chemicals Ltd. of Dr.Sivasankara Pillai who is said to be the Godfather of the environmental scientists and Engineers of the Pollution Control Board and other consultants elsewhere. This unit had obtained authorization under hazardous waste (Management and Handling) Rules 1989, for 5 years from 30.3.2002, but found no hazardous waste disposal facility. The unit had no consent under Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. It was found not complying with any conditions of authorization issued under the hazardous waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989. The premises of the unit and adjacent land are found as hazardous waste disposal site. Trade effluents of other companies were found discharged in this unit. The unit had not filed any return to the Pollution Control Board as required under the authorization issued under hazardous waste (Management and Handling) Rules , 1989. Under the circumstance, Local Area Environment Committee ordered the closure of the unit and even recommended to cancel the accreditation given to Dr.P.Sivasankaran Pillai as an accredited environmental consultant.
8. The sewage treatment system at Sabarimala cannot be treated as a seasonal affair. It has to be a permanent ongoing process having due regard to the number of devotees visiting every month. The devotees at Sannidhanam on the first week days of every month are around 50000. On other days there are devotees and other staff. The sewage generated at Sabarimala Sannidhanam including the sewage of the seasonal generation should go for a biological treatment of permanent nature at Sabarimala itself by establishing a sewage treatment plant of adequate capacity. Such a plant once installed and stabilized will run without any interruption and can treat the sewage of fluctuating quantities including the quantity during the peak season. This simple mode of sewage treatment is economical and environmental friendly. It does not even remotely cause any environmental pollution and it can easily be maintained efficiently without any failure. One fails to understand why this time tested environmental friendly technology is not insisted to overcome the problem of pollution of such a magnitude of biological waste at Sabarimala. It is this aspect which needs to be probed to find out the vested interest of those who advocate chemical treatment of sewage using contaminated ferrous chloride.
8. The sewage treatment system at Sabarimala cannot be treated as a seasonal affair. It has to be a permanent ongoing process having due regard to the number of devotees visiting every month. The devotees at Sannidhanam on the first week days of every month are around 50000. On other days there are devotees and other staff. The sewage generated at Sabarimala Sannidhanam including the sewage of the seasonal generation should go for a biological treatment of permanent nature at Sabarimala itself by establishing a sewage treatment plant of adequate capacity. Such a plant once installed and stabilized will run without any interruption and can treat the sewage of fluctuating quantities including the quantity during the peak season. This simple mode of sewage treatment is economical and environmental friendly. It does not even remotely cause any environmental pollution and it can easily be maintained efficiently without any failure. One fails to understand why this time tested environmental friendly technology is not insisted to overcome the problem of pollution of such a magnitude of biological waste at Sabarimala. It is this aspect which needs to be probed to find out the vested interest of those who advocate chemical treatment of sewage using contaminated ferrous chloride.
9. The sediments of the sewage treatment plant are manure by itself. It can be flushed out to the forest without the fear of causing any environmental damage to the forest. There cannot be any dispute in the scientific community or for that matter among any environment activist that biological sewage treatment technology is not practical having regard to the volume of waste in particular seasons.
10. The process that takes place in biological treatment needs to be understood to appreciate its merit and advantages. It is a simple method of treatment with anaerobic digestion followed by aerobic reactions to achieve the prescribed standard for discharge. A sewage treatment plant before putting it to use required to get stabilized which now by the advance of technology requires only less than a week. In olden days for a biological treatment to stabilize the number of days taken was 45 but that was by using cow dung as nutrient for bacteria growth. Now bacteria are readily available in the market which can stabilize the biological treatment units in 5 days time. The fact that once the biological treatment is started and stabilized it runs without any hindrance on an un-assumable minimum cost and it operates faultlessly giving the required result. This being the merits of the biological treatment system, one fails to understand why the Pollution Control Board is not eager to insist the Travancore Devaswom Board to establish Biological Sewage Treatment Plant/Plants of adequate capacity.
11. It is a matter of common knowledge that prior to the invention of biological treatment technology the chemical treatment was in use which is called as Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment (CEPT). In this treatment the sediments contained many environmental pollutants which had raised serious concern owing to the damage it caused to the environment. As the concern for the environment protection grew, the countries made the standard for discharge more and more strict which ultimately resulted in going for biological treatment system, as it is observed that in biological treatment system no additional pollutants are generated than what is contained in the sewage namely the Phosphates, Nitrates etc. The Pollution Control Board being an expert body cannot be said to be ignorant of these facts. However why the Pollution Control Board still remains a spokesperson of chemical treatment? This question raises serious doubt on the integrity of the persons who recommend chemical treatment using contaminated ferrous chloride in every season rather than insisting for a permanent sewage treatment plant which can take care of the sewage treatment irrespective of the seasonal variation.
12. Before coming to the issue in relation to the prose and cones of the use of contaminated Ferrous chloride for water treatment, it is profitable to understand the very nature of contaminated ferrous chloride supplied for water treatment by Dr.Sivasankara Pillai of Cochin Chemicals. The contaminated Ferrous chloride is an industrial waste of the CMRL, Edayar. This industrial waste is purchased by Cochin chemicals and is marketed in the name of Envirofloc which is technically called as ferrous chloride by the Pollution Control Board. The contaminated ferrous chloride contain heavy metals such as zinc, iron, led, mercury, cadmium, copper, nickel, total chromium, manganese, Hexavalant chromium etc. The Cochin Chemicals, without removing its heavy metals contents, market the same as en Envirofloc/ferric chloride. The contaminated ferrous chloride/Envirofloc/ is a hazardous waste being a chemical in the class E category of the Schedule 2 of the Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary) Rules 2008, and required in law to be dealt with as per the provisions of the Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary) Rules 2008. It is a Hazardous Waste under E3 and E4 having regard to its corrosive and toxic character regardless of concentration limit. Class E 3and E4 category of the Schedule 2 of the Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary) Rules 2008 waste is explained thus:
“Corrosive
Wastes which may be corrosive, by chemical action, will cause severe damage when in contact with living tissue.
Toxic
Waste containing or contaminated with established toxic and or eco-toxic constituents.”
“Corrosive
Wastes which may be corrosive, by chemical action, will cause severe damage when in contact with living tissue.
Toxic
Waste containing or contaminated with established toxic and or eco-toxic constituents.”
13. The contaminated Ferrous Chloride has above 20% acidity and hence corrosive .Further it is toxic and cannot qualify the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP Test). The use of ferrous chloride is therefore a serious violation of environmental law and permitting the use of contaminated ferrous chloride in violation of Hazardous Waste Management Handling and Transboundary Rules 2008 by the Pollution Control Board amounts to the fence eating away the crops by itself.
14. It is this Hazardous Waste that is used directly in Njunangar stream under the guise of water treatment. This chemical is used as a coagulant for settling the Phosphatic and Nitrogenous contents of the sewage as settled solids. But in the process, the heavy metal contents of the contaminated ferrous chloride such as zinc, iron, led, mercury, cadmium, copper, nickel, total chromium, manganese, Hexavalant chromium etc. also get settled as solids with Phosphatic and Nitrogenous contents of the sewage. The solids thus settled which contain heavy metals is discharged to the open environment causing serious damage to the living organisms. Discharge of sediments containing heavy metals cannot be legally allowed to be discharged into the open environment when it has the characteristics of a hazardous waste. Unfortunately, unmindful of this serious infraction of law, Pollution Control Board is permitting to pump the settled solids containing heavy metals periodically to the nearby forest. Why this illegal and prohibited activity is being allowed to take place, who is the beneficiary and at what cost are questions that Mr.Jayaprasad, the Chairman and the last word in Pollution Control Board has to answer.
15. The Chairman of the Board characterized the sewage sludge after chemical treatment as “manure as such” (compost) and “a soil conditioner” and therefore found no fault with its disposal to the forest. He however made a caveat when Dr.Viswas Mehta who was the Ex-Chairman of the Pollution Control Board challenged the claim of Mr.Jayaprasad that sludge after chemical treatment is as such a manure. He clarified that if there is any difficulty for marketing the sludge as manure; the same can be subjected to aerobic/anaerobic digestion and then disposed as manure and soil conditioner. Dr.Viswas Mehta then posed a question that if sewage sludge is manure as such, why the sludge should be treated again “if it already is a stable manure/soil conditioner”. This and other question that where does the sludge analyzed by the Board etc. remains still unanswered. On enquiry it is learnt that the Pollution Control Board in fact have not conducted Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test nor sludge analysis to come to a finding that the sediments after chemical treatment does not pose any environmental damage. The Board however permitted the use of contaminated ferrous chloride for water treatment and the disposal of waste generated there from into forest and other open areas. The use of contaminated ferrous chloride and disposal of the solid waste after the treatment into the land and water will find its way ultimately to the human being and other living organisms. The toxicity effect of excess Zinc is gastro intestinal distress, diarrhea, pancreatic damage and anemia. The excess Nickel is a carcinogenic and dangerous to aquatic life. Cadmium is a highly toxic both to plants and animals. Cadmium toxicity causes kidney damages. Chromium is a carcinogenic and it damages kidney and liver. Exposure to Copper will affect the fertility and embryonic sensitivity in the living organism. Lead is highly toxic substance, which can cause reduced IQ, attention deficit disorders, impaired hearing, kidney damage, increase in BP, fertility problem, nerves disorders etc. The toxic effect of exposure to iron leads to abdominal discomfort, lethargy, fatigue and shrinkage of liver followed by fibrosis and cirrhosis. When these heavy metals enter into the food chain, a very serious and hazardous phenomena called ‘Biological magnification or amplification’ of these toxic chemicals take place in the end consumers of the food chain. This is the beginning of such disastrous cycle in the ecosystem that cannot be allowed in any case for the sake of public health.
16. The sewage pollution from Sabarimala is mainly that of coliform bacteria count in the water. Coliform count is expressed as either total coliform or faecal coliform per 100 millilitre of water. Faecal coliform count is nearly half of total coliform count. Coliforms are present in the faeces of warm blooded creatures. Once it is discharged by the warm blooded creatures like animals and human beings, it does not survive beyond 48 hours. It is bound to die by exposure to air and sunlight. The coliform bacteria cause diarrhea, septicemia, thrombotic microangiopathy and urinary tract infection. The presence of coliform in water is indicated by the presence of pathogens and the various pathogens/bacteria is the cause for diseases such as Nematode worms, Anthrax, Dysentery, Tuberculosis, Paratyphoid fever, Typhoid fever, Food poisoning, Bacillary dysentery, Tapeworms, Cholera, Poliomyelitis, hepatitis. The total coliform count permissible in water for public bathing is 2500 per 100 ml. The coliform count has to be however zero in drinking water. The use of contaminated ferrous chloride cannot remove pathogens and therefore the diseases that pathogens causes cannot be prevented. Ferrous chloride is a coagulant that only helps in the settling of the suspended particles in the sewage and it is not effective in reducing the coliform count in the stream. The coliform count can be reduced only by disinfection process. The discharge of water after biological treatment cannot cause any BOD problem and therefore there is no threat to aquatic life. The best solution to treat the biological waste is the technology of biological treatment only compared to the threat of diseases that can be caused to human beings by heavy metals.
16. The sewage pollution from Sabarimala is mainly that of coliform bacteria count in the water. Coliform count is expressed as either total coliform or faecal coliform per 100 millilitre of water. Faecal coliform count is nearly half of total coliform count. Coliforms are present in the faeces of warm blooded creatures. Once it is discharged by the warm blooded creatures like animals and human beings, it does not survive beyond 48 hours. It is bound to die by exposure to air and sunlight. The coliform bacteria cause diarrhea, septicemia, thrombotic microangiopathy and urinary tract infection. The presence of coliform in water is indicated by the presence of pathogens and the various pathogens/bacteria is the cause for diseases such as Nematode worms, Anthrax, Dysentery, Tuberculosis, Paratyphoid fever, Typhoid fever, Food poisoning, Bacillary dysentery, Tapeworms, Cholera, Poliomyelitis, hepatitis. The total coliform count permissible in water for public bathing is 2500 per 100 ml. The coliform count has to be however zero in drinking water. The use of contaminated ferrous chloride cannot remove pathogens and therefore the diseases that pathogens causes cannot be prevented. Ferrous chloride is a coagulant that only helps in the settling of the suspended particles in the sewage and it is not effective in reducing the coliform count in the stream. The coliform count can be reduced only by disinfection process. The discharge of water after biological treatment cannot cause any BOD problem and therefore there is no threat to aquatic life. The best solution to treat the biological waste is the technology of biological treatment only compared to the threat of diseases that can be caused to human beings by heavy metals.
17. The justification of the Pollution Control Board for recommending chemical treatment is that it is an effective measure to treat water in short time. Recent studies in the water treatment field suggest that the use of titanium dioxide as semi conductors can be subjected to photo catalysis and this process can be used for water purification. Titanium dioxide being not present in the waste ferrous chloride, the photo catalysis is not possible by the use of ferrous chloride. Adding titanium dioxide in to the ferrous chloride will not help the process of photo catalysis since the application of titanium dioxide in the form of a powder suspended in water to be purified requires additional operation for separation of two phases, and requires immobilization of photo catalysts. Deposition of fine titanium dioxide powder on glass surfaces is the most common solution.
18. Water purification by the use of titanium dioxide does not require ferrous chloride as it is not a coagulant for this purpose. The direction of the Chairman to use titania also along with Ferrous chloride is a strange science. The stand of the Chairman, some how to use ferrous chloride under one pretext or the other, and for that a new chemicals combination not used elsewhere is also directed to be applied is totally unacceptable without any proof. In fact Water purification by the use of titanium dioxide does not require ferrous chloride as it is not a coagulant for this purpose.
19. If at all treatment with Ferric chloride is the only method of water treatment, the same can be done with industrial grade ferric chloride. Industrial grade ferric chloride is freely available in the market and is cheap and that does not have heavy metal contents as seen in the Ferric chloride of Dr. Sivasankara Pillai. This aspect is completely brushed aside obviously with vested interest at the cost of environment and health hazard.
20. In short, the chemical treatment using contaminated ferrous chloride is an act inviting an environmental calamity making the proverb “burning the house to kill the rat” literally true when there are effective technology in vogue for combating the menace of coliform bacteria with time tested proved technology. The Pollution Control Board unfortunately at the earnest indulgence of its Chairman has thrown to winds all the provisions of the environmental laws. The chairman of the Board has virtually made the environmental laws an onlooker. By doing so he has acted against public interest and directions of law which he is statutorily bound to give effect. This state of affair cannot be allowed to go even for a moment.
In the above circumstance, the people’s environmental fact finding panel recommends the following measures before the Government.
a) Direct the Pollution Control Board to ban river water treatment in the state whether it be in Pampa or elsewhere using contaminated ferrous/ferric chloride/Envirofloc.
b) Direct to remove the temporary bund constructed across the Njunangar stream and allow the stream to have its natural flow so that the air pollution and water pollution by retaining the polluted water in bund can be reduced
c) Direct the Travancore Devaswom Board to establish biological sewage treatment plant/plants at Sabarimala Sannidhanam of adequate quantity for treatment of sewage from the toilets and urinals and make it functional throughout.
d) Direct the Travancore Devaswom Board to ensure the sewage treatment plant at Pampa operational by curing all its defects.
e) There are pits filled with sludge after the chemical treatment in river bunks and forest areas.Direct the Travancore Devaswom Board to remove these sludges of the chemical treatment of the previous years to a Temporary Storage Disposal Facility (TSDF)
f) Issue order banning septic tank overflow to Njunangar stream and prosecute the persons including the officials of the Pollution Control Board for abetting the pollution in the Njunangar stream.
g) Issue a direction to the Pollution Control Board not to permit the use Envirofloc/contaminated ferrous chloride except for treatment of industrial waste and ensure its solid waste for disposal at TSDF.
h) Direct to assess the environmental impact consequent to the use of contaminated ferrous chloride/Envirofloc by the Department of chemical oceanography and department of Toxicology and Department of Environment of the Cochin University of Science and Technology.
b) Direct to remove the temporary bund constructed across the Njunangar stream and allow the stream to have its natural flow so that the air pollution and water pollution by retaining the polluted water in bund can be reduced
c) Direct the Travancore Devaswom Board to establish biological sewage treatment plant/plants at Sabarimala Sannidhanam of adequate quantity for treatment of sewage from the toilets and urinals and make it functional throughout.
d) Direct the Travancore Devaswom Board to ensure the sewage treatment plant at Pampa operational by curing all its defects.
e) There are pits filled with sludge after the chemical treatment in river bunks and forest areas.Direct the Travancore Devaswom Board to remove these sludges of the chemical treatment of the previous years to a Temporary Storage Disposal Facility (TSDF)
f) Issue order banning septic tank overflow to Njunangar stream and prosecute the persons including the officials of the Pollution Control Board for abetting the pollution in the Njunangar stream.
g) Issue a direction to the Pollution Control Board not to permit the use Envirofloc/contaminated ferrous chloride except for treatment of industrial waste and ensure its solid waste for disposal at TSDF.
h) Direct to assess the environmental impact consequent to the use of contaminated ferrous chloride/Envirofloc by the Department of chemical oceanography and department of Toxicology and Department of Environment of the Cochin University of Science and Technology.
Dated this the 25 December 2009.
Convenor Mr.R.Ajayan.
Members Dr.N.Chandramohan Kumar.
Advocate P.K.Ibrahim,
Purushan Eloor,
Jacob V.Lazar,
Dr.A.Latha
Dr.Thomas P.Thomas,
V.N.Gopinathan Pillai,
Members Dr.N.Chandramohan Kumar.
Advocate P.K.Ibrahim,
Purushan Eloor,
Jacob V.Lazar,
Dr.A.Latha
Dr.Thomas P.Thomas,
V.N.Gopinathan Pillai,
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